Table 1.

A list of TNF-α-induced neuroprotective and neurodegenerative molecules

Gene product	Modulation	Cell type	Reference	Effect on neurons	Remark
Bcl-2	Up-regulated	Neuron	Tamatani et al. (1999)	Neuroprotection	Enhances cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis
Bcl-XL	Up-regulated	Neuron	Tamatani et al. (1999)	Neuroprotection
MnSOD	Up-regulated	Neuron/Astrocytes	Bruce-Kellar et al. (1999)	Neuroprotection	Reduces reactive oxygen species toxicity by superoxide scavenging
Calbindin	Up-regulated	Neuron	Cheng et al. (1994)	Neuroprotection	Binds Ca2+, maintains Ca2+ homeostasis
c-IAP-2	Up-regulated	Spinal cord	Kim et al. 2001	Neuroprotection	Induces survival signal from TNF receptors
Fractalkine (CX3CL1)	Up-regulated	Astrocyte	Yoshida et al. (2001)	Neuroprotection	Inhibits gp120 toxicity
MIP-1β	Up-regulated	Astrocyte	Guo et al. (1998)	Neuroprotection (?)	Related with preservation of cognitive function at higher conc.
RANTES		Microglia	McManus et al. (1998)
CXCR4	Down-regulated	Astrocyte	Han et al. (2001)	Neuroprotection	Delimits astrogliosis
GluR1 (AMPA- receptor subunit)	Up-regulated	NT2-N neurons	Yu et al.2002	Neurodegeneration	Increases susceptibility to EAA toxicity
iNOS	Up-regulated	Neuron	Combs et al. 2001	Neurodegeneration	Peroxynitrite toxicity
ICAM-1	Up-regulated	Astrocyte	Lee et al. (1998)	Neuronal injury	Helps viral trafficking across BBB
VCAM-1	Up-regulated	Astrocyte	Winkler and Benveniste (1998)	Neuronal injury	Enhances astrogliosis, EAA accumulation.
TNF-R2	Up-regulated	Astrocyte	Lung et al. 2001	Neuronal injury	Modulates microglial activation
MCP-1	Up-regulated	Astrocyte	Andjelkovic et al. (1999)	Neuronal damage
ADAM8	Up-regulated	Neuron, astroglia, microglia	Schlomann et al. 2000	Neuronal damage (?)	Neuro-glial interaction during inflammation (MMP)