Observed 1979–1992 June–August (JJA) and December–February (DJF) average in aerosol optical depth (AOD, unitless) from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer data set (Nimbus7-TOMS, 28) in six regions partitioned by CIF classes. CA, California, TH, Thailand; IP, Indo-Gangetic Plains of India and Pakistan; AB, Aral Sea Basin; NE, Nebraska; CH, Eastern China.