Effect of PMNs on DC’s immunostimulatory ability. A: MLR induced by graded doses of viable allogeneic DCs in the presence of different concentrations of autologous (syngeneic) PMNs. Stimulator allogeneic DCs (1 to 8 × 104) were incubated with 105 responder PBMCs and 1.25 to 10 × 104 syngeneic PMNs. Thus, responder cells (PBMCs) and PMNs were related to the donor and unrelated to DCs. B: MLR induced by viable allogeneic DCs (2 × 104) in the presence of different concentrations of unprimed or LPS autologous (syngeneic) PMN-primed at two different time points. C: Allogeneic DCs (2 × 104) were incubated with 105 PBMCs, and 105 syngeneic PMNs were added above or below a Transwell (TW) bare 0.4-μm polycarbonate filter. After 4 days, cells were pulsed with 1 μCi of [3H]thymidine per well for the last 16 hours of culture, harvested, and counted in a beta counter. Proliferation is depicted relative to the proliferation of MLR cultures in the absence of PMNs (100% = 30,739 ± 664 cpm). Relative proliferation is depicted as average means of triplicates ± SEM from a series of four experiments for A and three experiments for B and C. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 compared with control group, using Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.