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Collapse of the upstream edge of the bubble helps to drive forward translocation. Placement of two- or three-base mismatches at different positions in the bubble demonstrates that stability derives from decreasing reannealing at the upstream edge only. (A) Shown are constructs used; control is fully matched. (B) Lifetimes of halted complexes on the indicated constructs. Reactions and analyses are the same as for Fig. 2.
