Table V.

Metabolite levels in wild type and hexokinase overexpressing leaves

Metabolites were determined from methanol extracts of the same samples used to determine hexokinase activity. Data are normalized to the mean response calculated for the wild type. Values are presented as the mean ± se of six independent determinations. Those that are significantly different to wild type are set in bold type. n.d. indicates compounds that were not detected.

Metabolite	Wild Type	HK4	HK38	HK37
	μmol/g fresh wt−1
Ala	1.00 ± 0.13	1.97 ± 0.32	2.30 ± 0.03	0.84 ± 0.10
Arg	1.00 ± 0.11	11.89 ± 0.13	10.02 ± 0.15	1.24 ± 0.24
Asn	1.00 ± 0.29	9.90 ± 0.16	4.13 ± 0.09	0.52 ± 0.15
Asp	1.00 ± 0.07	0.28 ± 0.06	0.60 ± 0.07	0.68 ± 0.14
β-Ala	1.00 ± 0.20	2.12 ± 0.06	1.65 ± 0.06	0.56 ± 0.19
Cys	1.00 ± 0.08	0.75 ± 0.34	1.04 ± 0.05	0.68 ± 0.12
Glu	1.00 ± 0.26	1.34 ± 0.20	1.24 ± 0.28	2.01 ± 0.06
Gln	1.00 ± 0.11	2.15 ± 0.18	2.75 ± 0.11	0.92 ± 0.11
Gly	1.00 ± 0.27	1.46 ± 0.06	4.13 ± 0.18	1.99 ± 0.19
Homo-Cys	1.00 ± 0.16	2.47 ± 0.12	1.98 ± 0.25	2.17 ± 0.18
Homo-Ser	1.00 ± 0.29	5.23 ± 0.09	6.50 ± 0.13	1.31 ± 0.29
Ile	1.00 ± 0.15	4.67 ± 0.06	3.28 ± 0.05	0.87 ± 0.14
Leu	1.00 ± 0.13	4.93 ± 0.09	3.39 ± 0.04	1.13 ± 0.13
Lys	1.00 ± 0.20	6.26 ± 0.08	3.73 ± 0.06	1.13 ± 0.18
Meth	1.00 ± 0.24	0.26 ± 0.07	0.66 ± 0.09	1.40 ± 0.40
Orn	1.00 ± 0.16	3.38 ± 0.08	3.87 ± 0.07	1.13 ± 0.17
5-Oxo-Pro	1.00 ± 0.17	0.94 ± 0.29	2.04 ± 0.04	1.03 ± 0.10
Phe	1.00 ± 0.09	1.35 ± 0.05	1.64 ± 0.03	0.95 ± 0.14
Ser	1.00 ± 0.22	2.95 ± 0.06	3.60 ± 0.04	1.00 ± 0.18
Thr	1.00 ± 0.18	3.90 ± 0.06	4.27 ± 0.08	0.98 ± 0.13
Trp	1.00 ± 0.17	3.57 ± 0.11	3.57 ± 0.15	1.00 ± 0.27
Tyr	1.00 ± 0.28	5.23 ± 0.10	2.20 ± 0.05	1.03 ± 0.22
Val	1.00 ± 0.13	4.46 ± 0.06	2.45 ± 0.03	0.77 ± 0.12
2-Aminoadipate	1.00 ± 0.31	4.82 ± 0.57	3.32 ± 0.10	0.69 ± 0.33
5-Aminopentanate	1.00 ± 0.14	15.91 ± 0.87	0.55 ± 0.09	0.57 ± 0.15
Ascorbate	1.00 ± 0.13	4.43 ± 0.52	14.70 ± 0.03	1.14 ± 0.22
Ascorbate derivate	1.00 ± 0.36	1.16 ± 0.76	0.34 ± 0.11	0.41 ± 0.20
Caffeate	1.00 ± 0.09	0.65 ± 0.18	1.25 ± 0.05	1.17 ± 0.15
Citramalate	1.00 ± 0.09	7.94 ± 0.75	1.10 ± 0.01	1.08 ± 0.10
Citrate	1.00 ± 0.21	0.86 ± 0.24	0.71 ± 0.02	1.17 ± 0.08
Fumarate	1.00 ± 0.17	6.92 ± 0.25	3.87 ± 0.09	1.97 ± 0.22
Gluconate	1.00 ± 0.22	0.29 ± 0.17	0.39 ± 0.09	0.69 ± 0.39
Glucuronate	1.00 ± 0.23	0.21 ± 0.71	0.11 ± 0.13	0.67 ± 0.50
Glycerate	1.00 ± 0.14	1.42 ± 0.22	1.18 ± 0.09	0.92 ± 0.08
3-Hydroxypropanate	1.00 ± 0.25	0.74 ± 0.27	0.99 ± 0.17	1.07 ± 0.13
Isocitrate	1.00 ± 0.14	1.45 ± 0.19	1.11 ± 0.10	0.60 ± 0.20
α-Ketoglutarate	1.00 ± 0.18	1.18 ± 0.59	0.47 ± 0.12	0.84 ± 0.18
Malate	1.00 ± 0.12	0.37 ± 0.30	0.69 ± 0.02	1.01 ± 0.09
Oxalate	1.00 ± 0.16	1.07 ± 0.12	0.88 ± 0.06	0.88 ± 0.21
6-P-Gluconate	1.00 ± 0.22	2.15 ± 0.32	2.20 ± 0.09	1.20 ± 0.21
Phosphate	1.00 ± 0.20	0.71 ± 0.26	1.12 ± 0.06	1.34 ± 0.11
Pyruvate	1.00 ± 0.14	0.69 ± 0.27	0.61 ± 0.06	0.92 ± 0.20
Guinate	1.00 ± 0.14	0.18 ± 0.21	0.72 ± 0.06	0.85 ± 0.22
Ribonate	1.00 ± 0.15	0.29 ± 0.13	0.48 ± 0.07	0.63 ± 0.21
Saccharate	1.00 ± 0.16	0.05 ± 0.21	0.21 ± 0.09	0.57 ± 0.35
Shikimate	1.00 ± 0.18	9.84 ± 0.88	1.01 ± 0.04	1.23 ± 0.20
Succinate	1.00 ± 0.12	1.17 ± 0.11	1.32 ± 0.06	1.34 ± 0.08
Threonate	1.00 ± 0.07	0.22 ± 0.17	0.75 ± 0.04	0.80 ± 0.15
Fru	1.00 ± 0.11	1.19 ± 0.30	0.88 ± 0.17	0.83 ± 0.07
Fuc	1.00 ± 0.13	0.79 ± 0.13	0.99 ± 0.07	1.03 ± 0.22
Gal	1.00 ± 0.10	0.80 ± 0.07	1.07 ± 0.05	1.56 ± 0.22
Glc	1.00 ± 0.20	1.20 ± 0.06	1.03 ± 0.19	1.04 ± 0.18
Inositol	1.00 ± 0.05	1.48 ± 0.16	1.09 ± 0.03	1.39 ± 0.13
Maltose	1.00 ± 0.16	0.37 ± 0.06	0.91 ± 0.09	2.91 ± 0.23
Mannitol	1.00 ± 0.20	0.71 ± 0.13	0.77 ± 0.18	0.94 ± 0.14
Man	1.00 ± 0.11	0.93 ± 0.22	1.00 ± 0.05	1.09 ± 0.16
Suc	1.00 ± 0.07	1.14 ± 0.06	0.72 ± 0.06	0.70 ± 0.11
Starch	42.73 ± 7.75	40.22 ± 6.28	54.65 ± 10.32	55.31 ± 5.14
Glc	15.91 ± 1.24	6.27 ± 0.52	17.64 ± 0.58	12.61 ± 1.36
Fru	14.88 ± 1.53	9.20 ± 1.38	15.81 ± 0.99	11.93 ± 1.41
Suc	1.27 ± 0.11	2.48 ± 0.28	0.57 ± 0.07	0.89 ± 0.12
Glc-6-P	164.66 ± 10.40	456.38 ± 34.10	349.47 ± 82.58	192.67 ± 17.05
Glc-1-P	33.37 ± 6.25	152.95 ± 23.91	100.39 ± 23.53	83.76 ± 15.29
Fru-6-P	49.22 ± 7.88	78.30 ± 9.40	46.33 ± 12.11	50.24 ± 8.76
ATP	117.20 ± 6.37	47.37 ± 11.04	40.92 ± 11.80	52.95 ± 14.70
UTP	51.24 ± 3.21	28.74 ± 2.62	27.10 ± 4.16	34.98 ± 6.06
ADP	96.49 ± 1.62	61.90 ± 7.44	51.46 ± 10.64	61.30 ± 11.95
UDP	23.06 ± 1.13	18.64 ± 0.75	17.46 ± 1.82	19.20 ± 1.58
ADP-Glc	12.49 ± 0.82	8.17 ± 1.07	7.33 ± 0.70	9.83 ± 0.57
UDP-Glc	182.07 ± 4.46	239.30 ± 9.31	211.43 ± 25.88	214.01 ± 11.52
ATP/ADP	1.21 ± 0.04	0.73 ± 0.06	0.75 ± 0.06	0.81 ± 0.06