Replication kinetics and NF-κB-induction profile of HPIV-3 and RSV in human lung epithelial A549 cells. (A) A single-step growth kinetics of HPIV-3 and RSV (0.1 moi) in A549 cells was determined by plaque assay analysis. (B) Cytopathic effect analysis (48 h postinfection) of HPIV-3 and RSV (0.1 moi) from infected A549 cells was determined after addition of same dilution of A549 medium supernatants to CV-1 cells for plaque assay analysis. (C) NF-κB EMSA using nuclear extracts from uninfected (–) and RSV-infected (1, 2, 6, and 16 h postinfection) A549 cells, and HPIV-3-infected (0.5–24 h postinfection) A549 cells in the absence or presence of NF-κB p65 antibody (Ab), preimmune serum, specific NF-κB unlabeled probe, or mutant NF-κB unlabeled probe (NS) as indicated.