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. 2003 Sep 5;100(19):10890–10895. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1832775100

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

The noninvolvement of IFN and/or soluble secretory factor(s) in mediating the NF-κB-dependent antiviral response elicited by TNF-α and IL-1β. Plaque assay analysis of medium supernatants from A549 cells infected with RSV after a 16-h pretreatment of A549 cells with medium obtained from TNF-α-(A) or IL-1β-(B) treated (8 or 16 h) A549 cells in the presence of control antibody or anti-TNF-α (A) or anti-IL-1β (B) neutralizing antibodies. (C) Plaque assay analysis using medium supernatants from WT or STAT-1–/– cells untreated or pretreated with TNF-α (20 ng/ml for 16 h) before infection with RSV. The percent infection indicated was calculated based on a ratio of number of plaques obtained in the presence of TNF-α over the number obtained from untreated cells.