Table 1. Tree reproductive traits with their respective categories adopted in this study.
Reproductive traits | Categories* |
1. Pollination system1 | bats; bees; beetles; birds; butterflies; diverse small insects (DSI); flies; moths (excluding hawkmoths); Sphingids (hawkmoths); non-flying mammals; wasps; wind |
2. Floral biology | |
Size2 | inconspicuous (≤4 mm); small (>4≤10 mm); medium (>10≤20 mm); large (>20≤30 mm); very large (>30 mm) |
Reward1 | brood or mating places/floral tissues (BMFT); nectar; oil; pollen; nectar/pollen; without resource (other than deceit flowers) |
Type3 | bell/funnel; brush; camera; flag; gullet; inconspicuous (attributed to very small flowers, ≤4 mm); open/dish; tube |
Anthesis period1 | diurnal; nocturnal |
3. Sexual system4 (morphological expression) | andromonoecious; dioecious; hermaphrodites (distinguishing those heterostylous); heterostylous; monoecious |
4. Reproductive system4,5 | agamospermic; self-compatible; self-incompatible; outcrossing (self-incompatible+dioecious species) |
According to [88];
Adapted from [66];
According to [89];
Outcrossing (or obligatory xenogamous) according to [90].
To analyze data we also grouped some categories into new ones as: 1) generalist pollen vectors sensu [65] (including small bees, butterflies, DSI, flies, moths, wasps, and wind); 2) specialist pollen vectors sensu [65] (including bats, medium-large bees, beetles, birds, hawkmoths, and non-flying mammals); 3) small+inconspicuous flowers; 4) medium+large+very large flowers; 5) open/dish+inconspicuous flowers ( = flowers with easily accessible resource sensu [66]); 6) floral types other than open or inconspicuous ( = flowers with concealed resource sensu [66]); 7) bird-+bat-+non-flying mammal-pollinated flowers ( = vertebrate pollination); 8) non-hermaphrodite sexual systems.