Table 1.

Common categories of facial pain

Headache

Tension headache

Migraine and equivalents

Cluster headache

Non-neurogenic pain

Sinusitis

TMJ pain

Trigeminal neuralgia

Idiopathic TN (TN type 1)

Secondary TN (symptomatic TN)

Atypical trigeminal neuralgia (TN type 2)

Trigeminal neuropathic pain

Trigeminal injury (unintentional, incidental trauma)

Postherpetic neuralgia

Anesthesia dolorosa/trigeminal deafferentation pain (intentional deafferentation)

Other cranial neuralgias and other clinical syndromes

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia

Sudden unilateral neuralgiform pain with conjunctival injection and tearing

Eagle syndrome (elongated styloid process)

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (cavernous sinus/orbital apex inflammation)

Gradenigo syndrome (petrous apex syndrome)

Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (herpetic infection of nervus intermedius)

Raeder (paratrigeminal) syndrome

Cancer-related facial pain

Atypical facial pain (somatoform pain disorder)

The list presented here is given for purposes of illustration of the algorithm described in this article. It is by no means comprehensive and the order of conditions does not reflect their incidence or severity.