Table 2.

Burchiel's classification scheme for facial pains commonly encountered in neurosurgical practice (modified from Burchiel, 2003 [3])

Pain category	History/Pain pattern	Other names
Trigeminal neuralgia type 1	Spontaneous onset (>50% episodic pain)	Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia type 2	Spontaneous onset (≥50% constant pain)	Atypical trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuropathic pain	Trigeminal injury - unintentional (trauma, sinus surgery)
Trigeminal deafferentation pain	Trigeminal injury – intentional deafferentation (after destructive procedures)	Anesthesia dolorosa/hypesthesia dolorosa
Symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia/MS	Multiple sclerosis
Symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia/other causes	Posterior fossa mass lesions, Chiari malformation	Secondary trigeminal neuralgia
Postherpetic neuralgia	Trigeminal Herpes Zoster outbreak
Atypical facial pain	Somatoform pain disorder