Table 4.
Poisson regression analyses for apnea-hypopnea, obstructive apnea, hypopnea, and central apnea indices.
| CHRONIC OPIOID | AHI (n 60) | OAI (n 60) | HI (n 60) | CAI (n 60) | NREM AHI (n 60) | REM AHI (n 47) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morphine dose equivalent (100 mg increase+) | 1.2 (1.1–1.2)*** | 1.1 (1.1–1.2)*** | 1.2 (1.2–1.3)*** | 1.3 (1.3–1.4)*** | 1.1 (1.1–1.2)*** | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) |
| Age < 40 years (vs 50–84 years+) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8)*** | 0.2 (0.1–0.3)*** | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.7 (0.7–0.9)*** | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) |
| Age 40–49 years (vs 50–84 years+) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3)* | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5)** | 1.4 (1.1–1.8)** | 1.4 (1.3–1.5)*** | 1.2 (1.1–1.4)** |
| Gender= Male (vs Female+) | 1.9 (1.7–2.1)*** | 2.4 (2.0–2.7)*** | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 2.6 (2.2–3.1)*** | 1.9 (1.7–2.1)*** | 1.2 (1.1–1.3)** |
| Body mass index 16–28 (vs32–55+) | 1.4 (1.3–1.6)*** | 2.0 (1.7–2.3)*** | 0.6 (0.5–0.7)*** | 3.7 (2.9–4.7)*** | 1.4 (1.3–1.5)*** | 0.8 (0.7–0.9)*** |
| Body mass index 29–31 (vs32–55+) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.6 (0.5–0.7)*** | 2.6 (2.0–3.4)*** | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
| NON-OPIOID | AHI (n 60) | OAI (n 60) | HI (n 60) | CAI (n 60) | NREM AHI (n 60) | REM AHI (n 57) |
| Age < 40 years (vs 50–84 years+) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6)*** | 0.3 (0.2–0.4)*** | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.4 (0.2–0.8)* | 0.5 (0.4–0.6)*** | 0.7 (0.6–0.8)*** |
| Age 40-49 years (vs 50–84 years+) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9)*** | 1.5 (1.3–1.8)*** | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3)** |
| Gender = Male ( vs Female+) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0)*** | 2.5 (2.2–2.9)*** | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | 2.3 (1.6–3.3)*** | 2.0 (1.8–2.2)*** | 1.2 (1.1–1.3)*** |
| Body mass index 16–28 (vs32–55+) | 0.5 (0.5–0.6)*** | 0.5 (0.4–0.6)*** | 0.4 (0.4–0.5)*** | 1.6 (1.1–2.3)* | 0.5 (0.5–0.6)*** | 0.6 (0.5–0.6)*** |
| Body mass index 29–31 (vs32–55+) | 0.5 (0.5–0.6)*** | 0.6 (0.5–0.7)*** | 0.5 (0.4–0.6)*** | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.6 (0.5–0.6)*** | 0.5 (0.4–0.5)*** |
Data are presented as rate ratios (95% confidence intervals). AHI refers to apnea-hypopnea index; OAI refers to obstructive apnea index; HI refers to hypopnea index; CAI refers to central apnea index; NREM AHI refers to apnea-hypopnea index during non-rapid eye movement sleep; REM AHI refers to apnea-hypopnea index during rapid eye movement sleep. In the opioid group, comparisons are made to reference values adjusted for morphine dose equivalent, age, sex, and body mass index. In the nonopioid group, comparisons are made to reference values adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.
+Reference value
* p < .05
**p < .01
***p < .001