Table 2.
Selected Multinomial Odds Ratios [95% confidence interval] of Short (≤6 hours) and Long Sleeping (≥9 hours) Relative to Mid-Range Sleepers (7 or 8 hours), Race and Urban Environment Results
| Short Sleep Duration | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White | — | — | — | — |
| Black | 1.62 [1.47–1.77] | 1.47 [1.33–1.62] | 1.45 [1.31–1.61] | 1.41 [1.27–1.57] |
| Mexican American | 1.09 [0.96–1.40] | 0.98 [0.82–1.17] | 1.00 [0.84–1.20] | 1.04 [0.86–1.25] |
| Other Hispanic | 1.33 [1.14–1.55] | 1.26 [1.07–1.48] | 1.30 [1.11–1.53] | 1.26 [1.07–1.49] |
| Other Non-Hispanic | 1.16 [0.96–1.40] | 1.18 [0.97–1.42] | 1.29 [1.06–1.56] | 1.35 [1.11–1.64] |
| MSA/Size | ||||
| MSA, central-city> 1 million | 1.43 [1.28–1.58] | |||
| MSA, non central-city > 1 million | 1.26 [1.15–1.39] | |||
| MSA, Central-city 250,000 to 1 million | 1.25[1.12–1.40] | |||
| MSA, non central-city 250,000 to 1 million | 1.23 [1.11–1.36] | |||
| MSA, central-city 100,000 to 250,000 | 1.23 [1.02–1.48] | |||
| MSA, non central-city 100,000 to 50,000 | 1.01 [0.85–1.20] | |||
| MSA < 100,000 | 1.03 [0.81–1.32] | |||
| Non MSA | — | |||
| Long Sleep Duration | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White | — | — | — | — |
| Black | 2.00 [1.76–2.26] | 1.53 [1.34–1.75] | 1.55 [1.35–1.77] | 1.62 [1.40–1.88] |
| Mexican American | 1.45 [1.15–1.83] | 1.10 [0.87–1.40] | 1.15 [0.90–1.47] | 1.07 [0.83–1.37] |
| Other Hispanic | 1.12 [0.86–1.47] | 0.94 [0.71–1.24] | 0.97 [0.75–1.27] | 1.00 [0.76–1.31] |
| Other nonHispanic | 1.16 [0.83–1.62] | 1.11 [0.79–1.56] | 1.18 [0.84–1.55] | 1.09 [0.78–1.53] |
| MSA/Size | ||||
| MSA, central-city> 1 million | 0.84 [0.72–0.98] | |||
| MSA, non central-city > 1 million | 0.82 [0.72–0.95] | |||
| MSA, central-city 250,000 to 1 million | 0.90 [0.76–1.07] | |||
| MSA, non central-city 250,000 to 1 million | 0.96 [0.82–1.12] | |||
| MSA, central-city 100,000 to 250,000 | 0.82 [0.59–1.15] | |||
| MSA, non central-city 100,000 to 50,000 | 0.95 [0.73–1.23] | |||
| MSA < 100,000 | 0.89 [0.64–1.23] | |||
| Non MSA | — | |||
*** P <0.001 ** P<0.01 * P<0.05 + P<0.10
M1: Model 1 controls for age; age-squared; gender; and all racial categories.
M2: Model 2 is Model 1 + marital status (married, widowed, divorced, separated and single); education (<hs, high school, 2 years college, 4 years college, 5 years or more college); family income (<5 K, 5–7K,7–10K, 10–15K, 15–20K, 20–25K, 25–35K, 35–50 K, 50K+); family size (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 plus); employment status (unemployed, not in labor force <65, not in labor force 65+).
M3: Model 3 is Model 2 + stress level (a lot of stress, moderate stress, relatively little, almost none); smoking status (never, former, current); exercise participation (yes, no); Activity limitation status (unable to perform major activities, limited in kind/amount of major activities, limited in other activities, and not limited); alcohol consumption (abstainer, lifetime infrequent drinker, former drinker, current drinker with no drink-days within the last 2 weeks, current drinker < 4 drink-days within the last 2 weeks, Current drinker with 13–14 drink days within the last 2 weeks); weight (normal, underweight, overweight, obese); number of bed-days per year.
M4: Model 4 is Model 3 + Urban Environment variables (Urban > 1 million, Non-Urban > 1 million, Urban 250,000–1 million, Non-Urban 250,000–1 million, Urban 100,000–250,000, Non-Urban 100,000–250,000, Urban < 100,000 and Non-Urban < 100,000); residence type (single, apartment, trailer); and region (Northeast, Midwest, South, West).