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. 2007 Aug 27;104(38):15069–15074. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0706890104

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Altered secretion of GLP-1, GIP, and insulin in response to gavage-administered glucose in α-gustducin null (α-gust−/−) vs. wild-type (α-gust+/+) mice. (A) Plasma GLP-1 (Top), GIP (Middle) and insulin (Lower) levels after glucose gavage (5 g/kg body weight). (B) Plasma glucose after glucose gavage (2 g/kg body weight). (C) Plasma glucose after postfasting feeding on chow. (D) Plasma GLP-1 responses from surgically isolated duodenum in vivo: the duodenum was ligated away from the stomach and rest of the intestines, and circulatory contact maintained. Ten percent glucose was infused directly into the isolated duodenum. (E) GLP-1 secretory responses to 10% glucose from minced proximal duodenum. For in vivo experiments, n = 6–12 animals per genotype; in vitro experiments were carried out in triplicate and replicated at least twice. Statistical significance determined by ANOVA, values are means ± SEM; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.