(A) Wild-type MEF were treated (16 h) with 0.5 mM palmitic acid. The expression of MLK3 and phosphorylation of the MLK3 T-loop (Thr-277 and Ser281) was examined by immunoblot analysis.
(B - D) Wild-type (WT) or Mlk3−/− MEF were treated (16 h) with 0.5 mM oleic acid (18:1) or 0.5 mM palmitic acid (16:0). The phosphorylation and expression of JNK (B), p38 MAPK (C), and ERK1/2 (D) was examined by immunoblot analysis.