Table 3.
Significant differences in changes in process measures among patients who improved, stayed the same, or worsened on the outcome measures from posttreatment to 12 months.
| Mean (SD) change in process variable in patients who... |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Process Variable | Became worse | Stayed the same | Improved | F (df) |
| Outcome domain: Physical Disability (RMDQ) | ||||
| SOPA Control | .76a (0.92) | .31b (0.73) | -.03b (0.86) | 8.92* (2,138) |
| SOPA Disability | -.70a (0.78) | -.21b (0.63) | .08b (0.64) | 13.14* (2,138) |
| CPCI Guarding | -1.82a (1.71) | -.44b (1.16) | 1.14c (1.52) | 37.71* (2,138) |
| CPCI Resting | -.71a (1.67) | .25b (1.78) | 1.55c (1.65) | 15.99* (2,138) |
| CPCI Asking for Assistance | -1.48a (1.97) | -.74b (1.89) | .29c (1.34) | 8.48* (2,138) |
| CSQ Catastrophizing | -.82a (1.40) | -.10b (1.11) | .67c (0.92) | 14.44* (2,138) |
| CSQ Ignore Pain | .52a (1.71) | .09a (1.39) | -.96b (1.45) | 8.96* (2,138) |
| PBAPI Constancy | -.51a (0.82) | -.05b (0.89) | .46c (1.10) | 10.93* (2,138) |
| Outcome domain: Depressive Symptoms (CES-D) | ||||
| SOPA Control | .82a (0.92) | .28b (0.69) | .03b (0.92) | 10.03* (2,138) |
| SOPA Disability | -.75a (0.74) | -.13b (0.68) | -.10b (0.66) | 13.46* (2,138) |
| CPCI Guarding | -1.54a (1.89) | -.44b (1.45) | .26b (1.79) | 11.64* (2,138) |
| CPCI Resting | -.63a (1.89) | .45b (1.80) | .68b (1.67) | 6.90* (2,138) |
| CPCI Asking for Assistance | -1.63a (2.24) | -.52b (1.37) | -.13b (1.94) | 7.68* (2,138) |
| CSQ Catastrophizing | -1.06a (1.47) | .08b (0.85) | .55b (1.06) | 21.97* (2,138) |
| Outcome domain: Pain Intensity | ||||
| SOPA Control | .84a (0.95) | .40b (0.82) | -.10b (0.59) | 11.37* (2,138) |
| SOPA Disability | -.72a (0.68) | -.33b (0.74) | -.12b (0.65) | 13.00* (2,138) |
| SOPA Harm | -.74a (0.71) | -.44b (0.57) | .00b (0.43) | 13.81* (2,138) |
| CPCI Guarding | -1.90a (1.85) | -.53b (1.47) | .60b (1.42) | 22.71* (2,138) |
| CPCI Resting | -.81a (1.73) | .11b (1.82) | 1.37b (1.53) | 13.97* (2,138) |
| CPCI Seek Support | .61a (2.00) | 1.02b (1.85) | 2.50b (1.93) | 9.22* (2,138) |
| CSQ Catastrophizing | -.74a (1.47) | -.26b (1.31) | .48b (0.65) | 8.42* (2,138) |
| CSQ Ignore Pain | .61a (1.47) | .16a (1.47) | -.91b (1.46) | 9.69* (2,138) |
| PBAPI Constancy | -.63a (0.79) | -.14b (0.84) | -.14c (0.97) | 15.76* (2,138) |
*
P < .002 (level of statistical significance after Bonferroni correction)
Note: SOPA = Survey of Pain Attitudes. PBAPI = Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory. CPCI = Chronic Pain Coping Inventory. A negative value in the difference score indicates a posttreatment to follow-up increase and a positive value indicates a posttreatment to follow-up decrease in the process variable. Values with different subscripts are significantly (p < .05) different from one another.