Table 1.

Definitions of health and socio-economic indicators used in the analysis

Indicator	Description
Infant mortality 1 (in the year of birth*)	Mortality per 1,000 among children <1 year in the year of birth of the study schoolchildren
Infant mortality 2 (in the survey year2)	Mortality per 1,000 among children aged <1 year in the year of the survey
Illiteracy rate*	Population illiteracy rate (percent) among individuals aged ≥25 years
Poverty*	Percent of the population living in poverty
Income*	Average income per capita in Brazilian currency ('reais'); unit: average for each study site
Water supply*	Percent of houses without water supply
HDI*	UN Human Development Index (HDI)
GINI*	GINI coefficient as a measure of income inequality (scale from 0 to 100)
Sanitation†	Percent of houses with poor sanitation (good sanitation defined as regular connection with conventional sewerage system)
Mortality for external causes†	Mortality for all external causes for whole population at survey year, per 10,000; number of deaths as reported for each year and population as extrapolation between censuses
Hospital beds†	Number of hospital beds per 10,000 inhabitants in the year survey

Notes: * Source: United Nations Development Programme, Brazil [38]; †. Source: Brazilian Ministry of Health [39]