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Comparison of behavioral effects produced by subcutaneous administration of butorphanol and morphine. (A) Dose–response curve for itch/scratching responses. (B) Dose–response curve for antinociception against 50°C water. Behavioral responses were determined using a cumulative dosing procedure. Each value represents mean ± SEM (n = 6). Symbols represent different dosing conditions for the same monkeys. * Significant difference from the vehicle condition (P < 0.05).
