Table 1.
Endogenous regulators of angiogenesis
| Activators | Inhibitors |
|---|---|
| Growth factors | |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor family | |
| Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor | |
| Angiogenin | |
| Angiostatin | |
| Transforming growth factor | |
| Tumor necrosis factor-α | |
| Plated-delivered endothelial growth factor | |
| Hepatocyte growth factor | |
| Epidermal growth factor | |
| Placental growth factor | |
| Granulocyto colony stimulating factor | |
| Cytokines | |
| Interleukin-1 | |
| Interleukin-6 | Interleukin-10 |
| Interleukin-8 | Interleukin-12 |
| Proteases and protease inhibitors | |
| Cathepsin | Tissue inhibitor metalloprotease |
| Gelatinase A, B | Prasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 |
| Stromelysin | |
| Urokinase-type plasminogen activator | |
| Trace elements | |
| Copper | Zinc |
| Oncogenes | |
| c-myc ras | p53 Rb |
| c-src v-raf | |
| c-jun | |
| Endogenous modulators | |
| Alpha 5 Beta 3 integrin | Angiopoietin-2 |
| Angiopoitin-1 | Angiotensin |
| Angiostatin II (AT1 receptor) | Angiostatin II (AT2 receptor) |
| Endothelin | Caveolin-1, -2 |
| Erythropoietin | Endostatin |
| Hypoxia | Interferon-alpha |
| Nitric oxide synthase | Isoflsvones |
| Plated-activating factor Platerat factor 4 | |
| Prostaglandin E | |
| Prolactin (16 kd fragment) | |
Abbreviations: AT1, angiotensin-1; AT2, angiotensin-2.