Figure 3.

Visceral obesity is a key component of the metabolic syndrome. Free fatty acids (FFA) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) produced by abdominal fat cells are drained up to the liver via the portal vein and contribute to the production of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and C-reactive protein (CRP). VLDL through exchange of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides (TGs) contribute to the generation of highly atherogenic small and dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles that are easily transformed to oxidized products that deliver a danger signal. In addition, abdominal fat cells produce resistin and leptins that deliver a danger signal, whereas lower levels of adiponectin contribute to amplify the pro-atherogenic signal through the loss of its protective effects.

Abbreviations: ox, oxidized; Th-1, T helper 1.