Table 2.
Summary of PROGRESS trial
| Inclusion criteria: Men and women, aged >18 years, with history of stroke or TIA within the previous 5 years. Individuals with hypertension treated with agents other than ACEI. |
| Exclusion criteria: Definite indication for treatment with ACEI (such as heart failure); definite contraindication to treatment with ACEI (such as previous intolerance). |
| Primary outcome: total stroke (fatal and non-fatal). |
| Secondary outcomes: fatal or disabling stroke; total major vascular events comprising the composite of non-fatal stroke, non-fatal MI, or death due to any vascular cause (including unexplained sudden death); total and cause-specific deaths; and hospital admissions. Other outcomes analyzed included major coronary events (defined as non-fatal MI or death ascribed to CHD); total coronary events (non-fatal MI, death ascribed to CHD, coronary revascularization (PCI, CABG), or hospitalization due to unstable angina; congestive heart failure resulting in death, hospitalization, or requiring withdrawal of randomized therapy. Two subgroup analyses were prespecified: separate estimates of treatment effects for combination (perindopril and indapamide) therapy and single (perindopril alone) therapy; and separate estimates of treatment effects for participants classified as hypertensive (SBP >160 mm Hg or DBP >90 mm Hg) and those classified as nonhypertensive at enrollment. |
| Data derived from PROGRESS 2001, 2003. |
| Baseline clinical characteristics | Perindopril (n=3051) | Placebo (n=3054) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years (SD) | 64 (10) | 64 (10) |
| Female sex | 30% | 30% |
| Asian* | 39% | 39% |
| Cerebro-vascular disease history | ||
| Ischemic stroke | 71% | 71% |
| Cerebral hemorrhage | 11% | 11% |
| Unknown stroke | 4% | 5% |
| TIA or amaurosis fugax | 22% | 22% |
| CHD† | 16% | 16% |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 4% | 4% |
| Hypertension‡ | 48% | 48% |
| Atrial fibrillation | 8% | 8% |
| LVH on ECG | 7% | 7% |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13% | 12% |
| Current smoker | 20% | 20% |
| Medication | ||
| Platelet inhibitors | 73% | 72% |
| Statins | 8% | 8% |
| β blockers | 17% | 18% |
| Calcium-channel blockers | 40% | 40% |
| Diuretics | 11% | 12% |
| Other antihypertensives | 11% | 12% |
| Oral anticoagulants | 9% | 10% |
| SBP (SD) | 147 (19) | 147 (19) |
*
Asian: participants recruited from People's Republic of China or Japan;
†
history of MI or coronary revascularization, or angina (supported by documented ECG or angiographic evidence of coronary disease);
‡
Hypertension: SBP ≥160mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg.
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CHD, coronary heart disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ECG, electrocardiograph; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention, MI, myocardial infarction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischemic attack.