Table 4.
Hierarchical linear models of repeated measures of smoking cessation outcomes: Stage and motivation
| Fixed effect | Stage-Model I |
Stage-Model II |
Motivation-Model I |
Motivation-Model II |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (S.E.) |
t-ratio | Coefficient (S.E.) |
t-ratio | Coefficient (S.E.) |
t-ratio | Coefficient (S.E.) |
t-ratio | |
| Model for intercept (status at 2M) | ||||||||
| Intercept | 2.24 (.32) | 6.98** | 2.22 (.32) | 6.98** | 5.28 (.49) | 10.68** | 4.65 (.47) | 9.96** |
| Action at baseline | .04 (.04) | .89 | .03 (.04) | .76 | .02 (.06) | .35 | .01 (.06) | .18 |
| Stage at baseline | .21 (.04) | 4.66** | .22 (.04) | 5.09** | .29 (.07) | 4.18** | .31 (.06) | 5.00** |
| Motivation at baseline | .08 (.02) | 3.88** | .04 (.02) | −1.87† | .38 (.03) | 11.56** | .27 (.03) | 8.85** |
| Confidence at baseline | .05 (.02) | 2.21* | .05 (.02) | 2.19* | −.00 (.03) | −.02 | .00 (.03) | .06 |
| Study group (intervention) | .35 (.08) | 4.11** | .30 (.08) | 3.56** | .49 (.14) | 3.62** | .36 (.12) | 2.85** |
| Education | −.03 (.06) | −.57 | −.02 (.05) | −.42 | −.08 (.09) | −.99 | −.04 (.08) | −.54 |
| Other smokers in house | −.20 (.08) | −2.69** | −.20 (.07) | −2.76** | −.20 (.12) | −1.76† | −.18 (.10) | −1.73† |
| Number of cigs smoked daily | −.00 (.00) | −.15 | −.00 (.00) | −.10 | .01 (.01) | 1.09 | .01 (.01) | 1.45 |
| Years smoked | −.02 (.00) | −2.93** | −.01 (.00) | −2.70** | −.00 (.01) | −.14 | .00 (.01) | .69 |
| How long after waking 'til smoked | .07 (.05) | 1.44 | .06 (.05) | 1.18 | .02 (.08) | .21 | −.01 (.07) | −.20 |
| Enjoy smoking | −.10 (.04) | −2.26* | −.08 (.04) | −1.96* | −.22 (.07) | −3.12** | −.16 (.06) | −2.65* |
| Work full-time | .07 (.08) | .78 | .11 (.08) | 1.25 | .29 (.14) | 2.11* | .38 (.12) | 3.10** |
| Single mother | −.06 (.08) | −.73 | −.11 (.08) | −1.42 | .08 (.13) | .62 | −.08 (.11) | −.68 |
| Smoke in neg. emotion situations | −.03 (.03) | −.93 | −.03 (.03) | −1.00 | .02 (.05) | .50 | .01 (.04) | .22 |
| Model for time | ||||||||
| Intercept | .04 (.00) | 7.74** | .04 (.00) | 7.70** | .04 (.01) | 4.51** | .03 (.01) | 4.22** |
| Study group (intervention) | −.00 (.01) | −.74 | −.00 (.01) | −.72 | −.01 (.01) | −.70 | −.01 (.01) | −.55 |
| Model for other time-varying covariates—events | ||||||||
| Number of exposures | .01 (.02) | .46 | .01 (.02) | .40 | .11 (.03) | 3.33** | .10 (.03) | 3.34** |
| Pregnant–mediators | .34 (.08) | 4.12** | .28 (.08) | 3.50** | .72 (.14) | 5.29** | .57 (.13) | 4.38** |
| Health concerns | – | – | .43 (.04) | 10.57** | – | – | 1.10 (.06) | 17.16** |
| Stress | – | – | −.10 (.02) | −4.16** | – | – | −.07 (.04) | −1.73† |
| Random effects | Variance component (df) |
χ2 | Variance component (df) |
χ2 | Variance component (df) |
χ2 | Variance component (df) |
χ2 |
| Level 2 variance (respondents) | ||||||||
| Status at 2M | .85 (931) | 2992.60** | .72 (931) | 2922.60** | 1.74 (931) | 2523.80** | 1.27 (931) | 2158.45** |
| Level 1 variance | .97 | .94 | 2.75 | 2.60 | ||||
Non-directional p values:
†
p<.10
*
p<.05
**
p<.01