Inactivation of cag pathogenicity island components attenuates induction of IL-8 (a) and gastric inflammation (b and c). (a) Quantitation of IL-8 production and apoptosis in AGS cells incubated with parental GU strain B128, an isogenic picB– (cagE–) mutant of B128, B128 cag–, which lacks the entire cag island, and DU strain G1.1. IL-8 concentrations and apoptosis were determined 24 hours after H. pylori inoculation and are expressed as levels of induction relative to controls. Bars, SD. (b) Acute (AI) and chronic (CI) inflammation in the antrum of animals after 2–12 weeks of infection with B128 (filled symbols) or B128 picB– (open symbols) was determined by histological testing, as described in the text. (c) Corpus inflammation for gerbils challenged with B128 or B128 picB– was scored from 0 to 3 by a single pathologist, and results are expressed as mean histological scores ± SD.