Table 2 The OR for medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis progression per 5° toe‐out angle is shown, first unadjusted, and then adjusted for the noted variables.

Covariates	Toe‐out angle OR for medial OA progression (95% CI) per 5° of toe‐out angle
Toe‐out angle (unadjusted)	0.60 (0.37 to 0.98)
Toe‐out angle + age, gender, BMI, knee pain severity, baseline disease severity	0.62 (0.36 to 1.06)
Toe‐out angle + age, gender, BMI, knee pain severity, baseline disease severity + varus malalignment	0.68 (0.39 to 1.17)
Toe‐out angle + age, gender, BMI, knee pain severity, baseline disease severity + second peak knee adduction moment	0.72 (0.40 to 1.28)
Toe‐out angle + age, gender, BMI, knee pain severity, baseline disease severity + hip external rotation moment	0.61 (0.35 to 1.08)

BMI, body mass index; OA, osteoarthritis.

A 95% CI that excludes 1 is statistically significant at an α = 0.05 level.