Table 1 Inflammatory markers in coronary atherosclerosis: available meta‐analyses of long‐term prospective studies in healthy individuals.
| Marker | Meta‐analysis available | Cases | Relative risk (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokines/receptors | |||
| IL‐6 | None available | – | – |
| TNFα | None available | – | – |
| TNFα R1 | None available | – | – |
| TNFα R2 | None available | – | – |
| Acute phase proteins | |||
| Fibrinogen | Danesh et al4 | 4018 | 1.8 (1.6 to 2.0)* |
| FSC5 | 7213 | 1.8 (1.6 to 2.0)* | |
| Danesh et al11 | 154211 | 2.4 (2.2 to 2.6)† | |
| CRP | Danesh et al6 | 7068 | 1.49 (1.37 to 1.62)* |
| SAA | Danesh et al12 | 1057 | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.2)* |
| Adhesion molecules | |||
| sVCAM‐1 | Malik et al7 | 1307 | 1.02 (0.81 to 1.29)* |
| sICAM‐1 | Malik et al7 | 1192 | 1.21 (0.95 to 1.55)* |
| sE‐selectin | Malik et al7 | 832 | 1.16 (0.87 to 1.55)* |
| sP‐selectin | Malik et al7 | 627 | 1.18 (0.63 to 2.21)* |
CI, confidence interval; CRP, C‐reactive protein; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; SAA, serum amyloid α; sICAM‐1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1; sVCAM‐1, soluble vascular cells adhesion molecule‐1; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor α.
*Odds ratio of top third vs bottom third of marker.
†Hazard ratio per 1g/litre increase in usual fibrinogen value.