Table 1 Treatments for stable angina.
| Mechanisms | Improvement in total exercise time | Improvement in time to onset of ST segment depression | Decrease in frequency of anginal episodes | Reduced revascularisation | Prevention of MI | Improvement in survival | Other effects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drugs with haemodynamic effects | ||||||||
| β‐blockers | Reduces oxygen consumption | + | + | + | − | − | − | |
| Calcium channel antagonists | Increases coronary blood flow, reduce oxygen consumption* | + | + | + | + | − | − | Prevent atherosclerosis progression |
| Nitrates | Increases coronary blood flow | + | + | + | − | − | − | Antiplatelet activity |
| Omapatrilat | Inhibits ACE and neutral endopeptidase | + | + | NA | − | − | − | |
| Drugs with metabolic effects | ||||||||
| Ranolazine | Inhibitors INA channel leads to metabolic switch | + | + | + | NA | NA | NA | |
| Trimetazidine | + | + | + | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Ivabradine | Slows heart rate, If inhibits | + | + | + | NA | NA | NA | |
| Nicorandil | Opens potassium channels and nitrate properties | + | + | + | NA | + | + | Improvement in myocardial perfusion |
| Fasudil | Inhibits rho kinase | − | + | − | NA | NA | NA | |
| Non‐pharmacological strategies | ||||||||
| EECP | Increases coronary blood flow, reduce afterload | + | + | + | − | − | − | Improvement in myocardial perfusion† |
| TMR | − | + | + | − | − | − | ||
| SCS | + | + | + | − | − | − | ||
| Gene therapy | + | + | + | − | − | − | ||
ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; EECP, enhanced external counter pulsation; MI, myocardial infarction; SCS, spinal cord stimulation; TMR, transmyocardial laser revascularisation.
*Non‐dihydropyridine.
†Not in a recent blinded analysis.