Table 3 Comparison of characteristics and risk factors in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy.
| No diabetic retinopathy | Diabetic retinopathy | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Male, n (%) | 15 (45.5) | 16 (45.7) | NS |
| Female, n (%) | 18 (54.5) | 19 (54.3) | |
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 52.6 (11.6) | 55.1 (10.4) | NS |
| Mean (SD) systolic BP, (mm Hg) | 134 (19) | 138 (28) | NS |
| Mean (SD) diastolic BP, (mm Hg) | 82 (12) | 81 (18) | NS |
| Persons with hypertension Number (%) | 21 (63.6) | 21 (60) | NS |
| On treatment for hypertension Number (%) | 7 (21.2) | 15 (42.9) | NS |
| Mean (SD) BMI, (kg/m2) | 29.7 (4.3) | 27.9 (4.1) | 0.010 |
| Mean (SD) waist to hip ratio | 0.98 (0.05) | 0.98 (0.05) | NS |
| Median (IQR) fasting blood sugar | 10.2 (7.2) | 9.8 (7.5) | NS |
| Median (IQR) duration of diabetes mellitus, years | 2 (7) | 5 (8) | NS |
| Positive smoking history Number (%) | 13 (39.4) | 12 (34.3) | NS |
| Current smokers | 0 | 0 | |
| Persons with symptoms, n (%) | 18 (54.5) | 25 (71.4) | NS |
| Cataract present in better eye, n (%) | 10 (30.3) | 7 (20) | NS |
| Total, n (%) | 33 (48.5) | 35 (51.5) | NS |
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; IQR, interquartile range; NS, not significant; p⩾0.05.