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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: DNA Repair (Amst). 2007 Mar 6;6(6):695–711. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.01.009

Fig. 1. Classic BER pathway.

Fig. 1

Short-patch pathway (left) depicts sub-pathway initiation by glycosylase activity followed by strand scission by APE1. Gap tailoring (5’dRP lyase) and nucleotide incorporation are accomplished by pol ß. The resulting nick is ligated by a complex of XRCC1 and LigIIIα to complete the pathway. Long-patch pathway (right) depicts a sub-pathway of BER responsible for repair under conditions of 5’lesions refractory to pol ß cleavage. In this case, BER complex formation shifts, nucleotide incorporation is conducted either by pol ß or is transferred to pol-δ or pol-•. The refractory 5’ moiety is removed as part of a flap of DNA by Fen1 and re-ligation is completed by LigI.