Table 2 Baseline characteristics by final cognitive status.

Variable	No dementia (n = 366)	Developed dementia (n = 33)	p Value
Age (y)	78.9 (4.7)	82.6 (5.7)	0.003
Women (%)	56.3	57.6	0.89
Education (y)	13.4 (3.5)	14.0 (3.6)	0.36
Clinical gait abnormalities (%)
Neurological	19.0	27.0	0.11
Non‐neurological	16.5	9.2	0.20
Mixed	5.2	3.1	0.81
Falls (%)	22	24	0.89
ADL scale limitations* (%)
Physical self maintenance	1	3	0.33
Instrumental	5	17	0.03
Illness index (0–10)	2.4 (1.7)	2.5 (1.7)	0.90
Hachinski ischaemic score (0–15)	2.5 (1.7)	3.2 (2.7)	0.34
Blessed Test score (0–32)	2.4 (2.2)	5.8 (3.7)	<0.001
FCSRT, total recall (0–48)	47.7 (1.1)	47.1 (1.2)	0.03
Digit Symbol Substitution Test, total	37.9 (12.6)	28.3 (10.3)	<0.001
Letter Fluency Test, total	35.2 (13.1)	28.2 (12.9)	0.005
Digit Span Test, total	13.4 (3.6)	11.5 (4.0)	0.01
Geriatric Depression Scale (0–15)	1.9 (2.0)	2.2 (2.4)	0.21

ADL, activities of daily living; FCSRT, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test.

Values are mean (SD) unless otherwise stated.

*Subjects with impairment in one or more physical self maintenance or instrumental activities on the Lawton–Brody scale.²¹