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Quality of Life. Assessment of a standardized and validated IBD questionnaire, evaluated by IBDQ (IBDQ, see Methods), consisting of 32 questions for mood, pain, and limitations in daily life. High values indicate a better quality of life; remission is defined as an IBDQ score of > 190. Means ± SEM for baseline and final scores after 4 months of supplementary lactulose therapy versus standard medication alone are shown. *Not all patients responded to the questionnaire.
