Table 3.

Distribution of Observed and Expected P Values from GEE models

P value group	Frequency	Percent	Expected*	Ratio**
0.10 ≤ p	254,464	89.6164	90.000%	1.00
0.01 ≤ p < 0.10	26,218	9.2334	9.000%	1.03
0.001 ≤ p < 0.01	2,892	1.0185	0.900%	1.13
0.0001 ≤ p < 0.001	337	0.1187	0.090%	1.32
0.00001 ≤ p < 0.0001	31	0.0109	0.009%	1.21
p < 0.00001	6	0.0021	0.001%	2.11

*Expected under uniform distribution. **Ratio of observed to expected.