Cardiac hypertrophy and failure in MHC-ACS mice. (a) Two-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiographic images were obtained from wild-type (upper panel) and MHC-ACS1 O7 (lower panel) mice at 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks of age. Images shown are from a representative pair of age- and sex-matched wild-type and transgenic animals. (b) Quantification of left-ventricular (LV) mass was performed on age- and sex-matched wild-type and transgenic (J3, M13, O7) mice based on serial echocardiograms at the indicated time points. A minimum of five different animals were examined at each time point. Data points are expressed as mean ± SD. A,B,CP < 0.05 for O7, M13, or J3, respectively, versus wild-type. (c) Quantification of fractional shortening over time as assessed by serial echocardiograms for age- and sex-matched wild-type and transgenic mice (J3, M13, O7). Data points are expressed as mean ± SD. A,B,CP < 0.05 for O7, M13, or J3, respectively, versus wild-type.