Expression of vector-encoded β-galactosidase is associated with inflammation in nontransgenic, but not lacZ transgenic mouse muscle. (A, E, and I) lacZ transgenic mouse muscle 14, 28, and 42 days after an intramuscular injection of AdDYSβgal, stained with X-Gal. (B, F, and J) Serial sections of A, E, and I, stained with hematoxylin and eosin show no inflammatory cellular infiltrate. (C, G, and K) Nontransgenic mouse muscle 14, 28, and 42 days after an intramuscular injection of AdDYSβgal, stained with X-Gal. (D, H, and L) Serial sections of C, G, and K, stained with hematoxylin and eosin show an inflammatory cellular infiltrate correlated with β-galactosidase expression. The arrow in L indicates a scant inflammatory infiltrate in proximity to rare β-galactosidase expressing nontransgenic muscle fibers at 42 days after injection. (×20).