Table 1.

Characteristics of case control studies on Helicobacter sp in benign hepatobiliary diseases and stone diseases.

Reference and year	Method of detection	Specimen	Disease	Helicobacter in subjects n/N	Helicobacter in controls n/N	Organism identified
Myung et al 2000 [3]	PCR (UreA) (26 kDa Ag)	Intrahepatic Bile, biliary duct tissue, gallbladder	Hepatobiliary diseases	4/43 ureA 5/43 26 kDa	0/8 0/23	H. Pylori
Nilsson et al 2000 [4]	PCR (16s rRNA)	Liver	PSC PBC	9/12 11/12	0/10 control 1/13 NCLC	H. Sp.
Harada et al 2001 [5]	PCR (16s rRNA)	Bile, biliary epithelium	Intrahepatic calculi	3/14 bile 5/8 biliary epithelium	0/9 0/7	Campylobacter sp.
Leong et al 2001 [6]	PCR (16s rRNA)	Bile	CBD stone Cholangitis	4/25	0/4	H. Sp.
Presser Silva et al 2003 [7]	Culture PCR (16s rRNA)	Bile Gallbladder tissue	Cholelithiasis	20/64 culture 28/51 histology 24/56 bile	2/18	H pylori
Chen W et al 2003 [8]	PCR	Gallbladder	Gall stones	29/60 symptomatic 6/10 asymptomatic	15/37	Helicobacter pylori
Vorojova T et al 2006 [9]	IgG Elisa	Serum	Chronic liver disease	13/35 7/32 1/27	4/81; 0/16 7/84; 0/6 12/89; 3/17	H. hepaticus H. bilis H. pullorum
Abayli et al 2005 [10]	16s rRNA PCR HPE	GB stone	Cholesterol stones	7/77	6/20	H pylori
Farshad Sh et al 2004 [11]	16s RNA	Stones Bile	Gall stones	6/33 stones 4/33 bile	0/40	H pylori H spp
Bulajic et al 2002 [12]	ureA gene PCR	Bile	Biliary lithiasis cholengitis	26/48 stone 9/17 cholangitis	1/7	H Pylori
Figura et al 1998 [13]	CagA	Bile	gallstones	92/112	90/112	H. pylori
Matsukura et al 2002 [14]	PCR 16s rRNA	Bile	Biliary tract cancer Gallstones	24/29 malignant 18/42 stone	4/14	H bilis

Chr. – chronic; CaGB – gallbladder cancer; CC – cholangiocarcinoma; HCC – hepatocellular carcinoma

PSC – Primary sclerosing cholangitis; PBC – primary biliary cirrhosis; CBD – common bile duct; GB – gallbladder