Table 2.
Use of hormonal contraceptives in relation to blood pressure urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate
| Type of HC user | N | First screening | Second screening | P-value* | % change | P-value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||
| Never-users | 286 | 114.0 (±13.3) | 113.9 (±12.7) | 0.838 | +0.3 (±8.5) | Reference |
| Starters | 73 | 114.8 (±10.5) | 117.7 (±12.3) | 0.023 | +2.8 (±9.1) | 0.002 |
| Continuers | 183 | 117.7 (±13.3) | 117.4 (±14.2) | 0.664 | −0.02 (±8.4) | 0.162 |
| Stoppers | 117 | 114.6 (±12.7) | 111.7 (±12.6) | 0.001 | −2.3 (±7.2) | 0.041 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||
| Never-users | 286 | 67.4 (±8.0) | 68.1 (±7.6) | 0.035 | +1.4 (±8.0) | Reference |
| Starters | 73 | 67.8 (±7.5) | 70.0 (±7.1) | 0.002 | +3.6 (±8.5) | 0.008 |
| Continuers | 183 | 69.1 (±7.7) | 70.0 (±8.6) | 0.041 | +1.6 (±8.6) | 0.152 |
| Stoppers | 117 | 68.1 (±7.4) | 67.0 (±7.5) | 0.020 | −1.4 (±7.5) | 0.015 |
| Urinary albumin excretion (mg 24 h−1) | ||||||
| Never-users | 286 | 8.4 (3.9, 18.4) | 8.9 (4.0, 20.0) | 0.081 | +5.9 (−0.7/12.8) | Reference |
| Starters | 73 | 8.3 (4.4, 15.4) | 9.5 (3.7, 23.9) | 0.074 | +14.2 (−1.0/31.9) | 0.201 |
| Continuers | 183 | 9.7 (4.1, 23.0) | 9.9 (4.1, 24.3) | 0.580 | +2.3 (−5.7/11.0) | 0.809 |
| Stoppers | 117 | 8.9 (4.5, 17.9) | 8.0 (4.3, 14.8) | 0.021 | −10.6 (−18.7/−1.8) | 0.023 |
| e-Glomerular filtration rate (ml min−11.73 m−2) | ||||||
| Never-users | 286 | 82.1 (±11.9) | 78.7 (±13.1) | <0.001 | −4.0 (±10.7) | Reference |
| Starters | 73 | 80.8 (±13.2) | 75.0 (±13.2) | <0.001 | −6.3 (±13.0) | 0.074 |
| Continuers | 183 | 78.3 (±11.4) | 76.2 (±13.2) | 0.002 | −2.4 (±10.9) | 0.409 |
| Stoppers | 117 | 81.7 (±10.0) | 80.5 (±11.0) | 0.167 | −1.0 (±11.3) | 0.036 |
Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is presented in geometric mean and 95% confidence interval; % change systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and estimated (e-) glomerular filtration rate are presented as mean and SD;P-value
*
indicates whether UAE, SBP, DBP and e-GFR differs between first and second screening (using paired sample t-test);P-value
†
associated with dummy variable for group, adjusted for baseline age, SBP, DBP, cholesterol, glucose, UAE and body mass index (using multivariate linear regression analysis); including the use of antihypertensives at baseline in the model did not change the result.