Table 3.

Change in blood pressure, urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate according to different generation of hormonal contraceptives

Type of HC user	Second generation of HC			Third generation of HC
	N	% change SBP	P-value†	N	% change SBP	P-value†
Never-users	286	+0.3 (±8.5)	Reference	286	+0.3 (±8.4)	Reference
Starters	45	+0.4 (±7.3)	0.379	17	+5.3 (±12.0)	0.004
Continuers	100	−0.7 (±7.6)	0.519	30	+0.7 (±7.1)	0.733
Stoppers	67	−2.5 (±7.2)	0.045	26	−0.2 (±7.9)	0.896
	N	% change DBP	P-value†	N	% change DBP	P-value†
Never-users	286	+1.4 (±8.0)	Reference	286	+1.4 (±8.0)	Reference
Starters	45	+2.1 (±7.8)	0.282	17	+6.1 (±10.2)	0.010
Continuers	100	+1.3 (±8.6)	0.171	30	+0.5 (±6.6)	0.437
Stoppers	67	−1.2 (±7.7)	0.093	26	+0.2 (±7.7)	0.658
	N	% change UAE	P-value†	N	% change UAE	P-value†
Never-users	286	+5.9 (−0.7/12.8)	reference	286	+5.9 (−0.7/12.8)	Reference
Starters	45	+14.3 (−7.1/40.5)	0.188	17	+19.6 (−6.2/52.6)	0.465
Continuers	100	−5.6 (−15.1/4.9)	0.663	30	+33.2 (6.4/66.6)	0.032
Stoppers	67	−16.9 (−28.0/−4.2)	0.011	26	+7.5 (−7.0/24.3)	0.788
	N	% change e-GFR	P-value†	N	% change e-GFR	P-value†
Never-users	286	−4.0 (±10.7)	Reference	286	−4.0 (±10.7)	Reference
Starters	45	−6.7 (±13.9)	0.052	17	−9.2 (±9.2)	0.058
Continuers	100	−1.0 (±11.4)	0.057	30	−4.8 (±10.0)	0.422
Stoppers	67	−1.4 (±10.0)	0.183	26	−1.3 (±14.5)	0.195

HC (hormonal contraceptives); urinary albumin excretion (UAE; mg 24h⁻¹) are presented in geometric mean and 95% confidence interval; % change systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP; mmHg) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR; ml min⁻¹ 1.73 m⁻²) are presented in mean and SD.P-value

^†associated with dummy variable for group, adjusted for baseline age, SBP, DBP, cholesterol, glucose, UAE, and body mass index (using multivariate linear regression analysis); including the use of antihypertensives at baseline in the model did not change the result.