Table 1.

The effect of ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the seven groups

	Before IR Resting	FMD, diameter change	After IR Resting	FMD, diameter change
Protocol 1
Vitamin C alone	2.60 ± 0.1	0.20 ± 0.08	2.65 ± 0.1	0.03 ± 0.03*‡
No therapy	2.38 ± 0.1	0.18 ± 0.03	2.41 ± 0.1	0.03 ± 0.02*‡
GTN + placebo	2.55 ± 0.1	0.22 ± 0.02	2.52 ± 0.1	0.13 ± 0.03†‡
GTN + vitamin C	2.48 ± 0.1	0.18 ± 0.02	2.57 ± 0.1	0.05 ± 0.02*‡
Protocol 2
GTN alone	2.65 ± 0.1	0.19 ± 0.03	2.68 ± 0.1	0.15 ± 0.03§
GTN + ciclosporin	2.48 ± 0.1	0.15 ± 0.01	2.49 ± 0.1	0.04 ± 0.02*§
Ciclosporin	2.33 ± 0.1	0.17 ± 0.02	2.42 ± 0.1	0.08 ± 0.02*§

Radial artery diameter data (in mm). ‘Baseline’ data refer to radial artery diameter before wrist cuff occlusion. ‘FMD, diameter change’ data refer to maximal dilation after wrist cuff release.

^*P < 0.01 compared with before IR

^†P < 0.05 compared with before IR, within-group

^‡P < 0.01 anova

^§P < 0.05 anova.