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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Oct 4.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Gerontol. 2007 Feb 3;42(6):472–482. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2007.01.008

Table 1.

Summary of mark recapture data on fruit-feeding butterflies in Kibale NP, Uganda. The sexes are represented separately only when established in the field and totals can exceed sum of males and females.

Time between release and recapature (days)
genus species sex # marked # recaptures # recaptured indiviuals percent indiv. recaptured Maximum life span (days) 1-30 31-60 61-90 91-120 121-150 151-180 181-210 211-240 241-270
Sum/average 29740 6961 4759 13.8 3565 551 198 54 19 16 10 3 5
Charaxinae Max/percent of indiv. 3808 1036 624 33.3 293 75 12 4 1 0.40 0.34 0.21 0.06 0.11
 Charaxes brutus both 3 0 0 0.0
candiope both 68 2 2 2.9 12 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
etheocles s.l. both 47 1 1 2.1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
etheocles s.l. f 5 0 0 0.0
etheocles s.l. m 35 1 1 2.9 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
fulvescens both 2255 474 329 14.6 230 273 34 14 5 0 2 0 1 0
fulvescens f 284 19 18 6.3 39 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
fulvescens m 786 121 80 10.2 230 58 14 5 0 0 2 0 1 0
paphianus both 5 0 0 0.0
pleione m 136 7 6 4.4 14 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
pollux both 129 4 4 3.1 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
bipunctatus both 217 5 5 2.3 75 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
bipunctatus f 94 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
bipunctatus m 116 5 5 4.3 75 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
numenes both 93 6 4 4.3 69 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
numenes f 27 0 0 0.0
numenes m 62 6 4 6.5 69 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
tiridates both 71 3 3 4.2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
tiridates f 34 1 1 2.9 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
tiridates m 33 2 2 6.1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
cynthia both 164 13 12 7.3 63 10 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
cynthia f 49 2 2 4.1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
cynthia m 110 11 10 9.1 63 8 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
protoclea both 45 3 3 6.7 8 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
protoclea f 5 0 0 0.0
protoclea m 40 3 3 7.5 8 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Euxanthe crossleyi both 9 1 1 11.1 42 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nymphalinae
 Aterica galene both 639 204 128 20.0 159 108 13 5 1 0 1 0 0 0
galene f 197 45 31 15.7 41 30 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
galene m 438 159 97 22.1 159 78 12 5 1 0 1 0 0 0
 Bebearia absolon both 108 15 14 13.0 36 13 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
sophus both 450 135 93 20.7 63 82 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
sophus f 270 106 71 26.3 30 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
sophus m 167 29 22 13.2 63 60 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Cymothoe caenis both 68 0 0 0.0
herminia both 1226 70 65 5.3 46 64 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
herminia f 426 25 22 5.2 14 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
herminia m 795 45 43 5.4 32 42 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
hobarti both 109 6 5 4.6 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
hobarti f 28 1 1 3.6 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
hobarti m 81 5 4 4.9 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
lurida both 1186 180 149 12.6 67 118 9 8 0 0 0 0 0 0
lurida f 396 49 42 10.6 67 23 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
lurida m 785 131 107 13.6 64 95 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Euphaedra alacris both 2031 681 427 21.0 253 322 62 25 8 3 2 3 1 1
alacris f 878 263 167 19.0 253 126 23 12 4 0 1 0 0 1
alacris m 1137 417 259 22.8 217 195 39 13 4 3 1 3 1 0
christyi both 654 302 192 29.4 85 167 21 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
christyi f 250 92 63 25.2 49 60 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
christyi m 404 210 129 31.9 85 107 18 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
edwardsi both 347 135 81 23.3 114 58 13 6 4 0 0 0 0 0
edwardsi f 101 27 19 18.8 58 17 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
edwardsi m 246 108 62 25.2 114 41 11 6 4 0 0 0 0 0
eusemoides both 319 96 69 21.6 64 122 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0
eusemoides f 110 47 31 28.2 57 57 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
eusemoides m 198 49 38 19.2 64 64 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0
harpalyce both 1155 445 277 24.0 218 92 10 9 3 2 0 1 0 0
harpalyce f 360 103 75 20.8 188 61 6 5 2 0 0 1 0 0
harpalyce m 791 342 202 25.5 218 31 4 4 1 2 0 0 0 0
hollandi both 54 18 9 16.7 69 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
hollandi f 27 4 3 11.1 15 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
hollandi m 25 14 6 24.0 69 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Euphaedra kakamegae both 130 23 20 15.4 65 18 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
kakamegae f 7 0 0 0.0
kakamegae m 83 11 10 12.0 65 8 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
medon both 2927 1036 624 21.3 293 456 90 52 11 5 4 1 0 4
medon f 830 195 117 14.1 250 87 17 9 1 0 2 0 0 1
medon m 2085 841 507 24.3 293 369 73 43 10 5 2 1 0 3
preussi both 620 278 166 26.8 185 119 27 14 2 2 1 1 0 0
preussi f 231 47 36 15.6 62 32 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
preussi m 392 231 130 33.2 185 87 24 13 2 2 1 1 0 0
uganda both 769 311 197 25.6 217 104 17 7 2 0 1 1 1 0
uganda f 279 102 63 22.6 166 52 8 2 0 0 1 0 0 0
uganda m 485 208 133 27.4 217 104 17 7 2 0 1 1 1 0
zaddachi both 257 151 84 32.7 109 68 14 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
zaddachi f 86 9 8 9.3 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
zaddachi m 176 134 72 40.9 109 56 14 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
 Euriphene ribensis both 148 15 13 8.8 36 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ribensis f 51 6 4 7.8 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ribensis m 97 9 9 9.3 36 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
saphirina both 12 0 0 0.0
 Euriphura chalcis both 100 24 14 14.0 35 13 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Eurytela hiarbas both 414 4 4 1.0 22 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Harma theobene both 1447 225 185 12.8 133 174 6 4 0 1 0 0 0 0
theobene f 384 47 42 10.9 51 41 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
theobene m 1090 143 143 13.1 133 133 5 4 0 1 0 0 0 0
 Hypolimnas salmacis both 10 0 0 0.0
 Junonia stygia both 19 0 0 0.0
 Kallimoides rumia both 945 197 151 16.0 188 134 14 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
rumia f 436 95 68 15.6 55 66 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
rumia m 502 102 83 16.5 188 68 12 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
 Neptidopsis ophione both 33 0 0 0.0
  Protogoniomorpha parhassus both 9 0 0 0.0
 Pseudacraea lucretia both 165 12 10 6.1 11 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Salamis cacta both 231 2 2 0.9 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
cacta f 1 0 0 0.0
cacta m 26 0 0 0.0
 Salamis temora both 10 0 0 0.0
Satyrinae
 Bicyclus auricruda both 753 94 83 11.0 171 67 12 2 1 0 1 0 0 0
auricruda f 317 38 34 10.7 56 27 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
auricruda m 428 56 49 11.4 171 40 5 2 1 0 1 0 0 0
dentatus both 20 1 1 5.0 22 1
graueri both 1490 586 381 25.6 209 275 67 21 8 5 3 2 0 0
graueri f 651 181 131 20.1 112 104 23 3 1 0 0 0 0 0
graueri m 821 405 250 30.5 209 171 44 18 7 5 3 2 0 0
mandanes both 1619 256 211 13.0 92 198 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
mandanes f 618 81 73 11.8 56 68 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
mandanes m 958 173 136 14.2 92 128 6 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
mesogena both 8 1 1 12.5 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
mollitia both 3808 385 334 8.8 89 301 25 8 0 0 0 0 0 0
mollitia f 1562 166 143 9.2 89 130 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
mollitia m 2239 218 190 8.5 85 170 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
sambulos both 78 11 8 10.3 31 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
sambulos f 33 0 0 0.0
sambulos m 45 11 8 17.8 31 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
sebetus both 237 102 65 27.4 172 43 13 4 3 1 1 0 0 0
sebetus f 87 10 10 11.5 17 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
sebetus m 165 76 45 27.3 147 26 12 4 2 1 0 0 0 0
 Gnophodes proposed name: Gnophodes arali both 303 39 32 10.6 119 27 3 2 1 2 0 0 0 0
proposed name: Gnophodes arali f 274 38 31 11.3 119 26 3 2 1 2 0 0 0 0
proposed name: Gnophodes arali m 29 1 1 3.4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
chelys both 1803 387 287 15.9 223 206 38 23 9 6 5 0 0 0
chelys f 442 59 47 10.6 48 43 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
chelys m 1361 328 240 17.6 175 163 34 23 9 6 5 0 0 0
grogani both 127 16 13 10.2 76 85 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
grogani f 87 11 9 10.3 76 76 7 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
grogani m 34 5 4 11.8 8 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Melanitis ansorgei both 3 2 1 33.3 29 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
leda both 256 42 30 11.7 56 28 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0