Table 3.

Univariate F-tests from nested ANOVAs on PCA factors from Table 2

	Group		Pup		Call
Estimate	F	VCE†	F	VCE†	VCE†	Repeatability
N		8		63	309
Factor 1	3.12*	0.17	19.68***	0.66	0.17	0.80
Factor 2	0.94	0.00	8.58***	0.61	0.39	0.61
Factor 3	2.59*	0.10	7.37***	0.50	0.40	0.56
Factor 4	0.27	0.00	10.15***	0.63	0.37	0.63

^*P < 0.05;

^***P < 0.001

^†Variance component estimates (VCE) show the proportion of variation explained by differences among groups within caves, pups within groups, and calls within pups.