Figure 3 (A) Western blot analysis of the effects of σ1 receptor agonists upon the expression of TRAIL (upper blot), JNK (second blot from the top), phosphorylated JNK (p‐JNK, third blot from the top), Bax (fourth blot from the top) and tubulin (bottom blot). Rats were untreated (lane 1), or received amyloid beta (lane 2) or, respectively the σ1 receptor agonist Pre084 (lane 3) or the σ1 receptor antagonist BD1047 (lane 4) alone. Other rats treated with AB were also pretreated with Pre084 (lane 5), BD1047 (lane 6), or both compounds (lane 7). (B) Densitometric analysis related to treatments mentioned above expressed as mean percentage increase (from each of three single experiments) over respective controls. Vertical bars are means (SEM). *p<0.05 (one way ANOVA, followed by a least significance Duncan's test).