Table 2. Effect of inbreeding, the environment (measured with eleven environmental axes) and their interaction on recruitment in the great tit.
Environmental axis | Population density | Local oak density | Female age | Male age | Local population density | Distance to edge | Caterpillar lag | Yearly quality in fledging mass | Winter beech mast | Phenotypic CV | Yearly quality in recruitment | |
n = 4365 | n = 4322 | n = 4345 | n = 4325 | n = 4304 | n = 4340 | n = 3711 | n = 4365 | n = 4365 | n = 4365 | n = 4365 | ||
Inbreeding | Wald | 5.54 | 7.78 | 6.95 | 7.57 | 7.58 | 7.66 | 5.43 | 7.75 | 5.58 | 6.81 | 8.05 |
P | 0.019* | 0.005** | 0.008** | 0.006** | 0.006** | 0.006** | 0.020* | 0.005** | 0.018* | 0.009** | 0.005** | |
parameter estimate (S.E.) | −1.93 (0.82) | −2.19 (0.79) | −2.07 (0.79) | −2.16 (0.79) | −2.20 (0.80) | −2.19 (0.79) | −2.05 (0.88) | −2.42 (0.87) | −1.90 (0.81) | −2.11 (0.81) | −2.37 (0.84) | |
Environmental axis | Wald | 53.20 | 0.13 | 0.56 | 5.30 | 2.94 | 11.75 | 0.08 | 96.98 | 239.89 | 366.50 | 421.70 |
P | <0.001*** | 0.713 | 0.456 | 0.021* | 0.087 | <0.001*** | 0.783 | <0.001*** | <0.001*** | <0.001*** | <0.001*** | |
parameter estimate (S.E.) | 0.31 (0.04) | −0.02 (0.04) | −0.03 (0.03) | 0.08 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.13 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.04) | 0.36 (0.04) | 0.53 (0.03) | 0.67 (0.04) | 0.73 (0.04) | |
Inbreeding * Environmental axis | Wald | 0.24 | 0.17 | 1.30 | 0.32 | 1.37 | 2.31 | 0.11 | 5.97 | 0.39 | 0.54 | 2.06 |
P | 0.622 | 0.679 | 0.255 | 0.571 | 0.241 | 0.128 | 0.742 | 0.015* | 0.533 | 0.462 | 0.152 | |
parameter estimate (S.E.) | −0.82 (1.66) | −0.64 (1.56) | −1.73 (1.52) | −0.85 (1.49) | −1.85 (1.58) | 2.48 (1.63) | 0.57(1.72) | 3.98 (1.63) | −0.99 (1.58) | 1.26 (1.71) | 2.77 (1.93) | |
Model: Sector +Clutch size+Egg laying date+… | +year | +year | +year | +year | +year | “egg laying date” excluded from the model |
Generalised linear mixed model with Poisson errors, logarithm link and parental identity fitted as random effects.
: P<0.05;
: P<0.01;
: P<0.001.