Table 2. Measures of cardiovascular structure and function.

		CON (n=617)	HTN (n=719)	HfnlEF (n=244)
LV structure

	Teichholz	110.6±23.6	113.3±26.1	110.2±32.6
EDV, ml	Area-length	123.2±30.3	125.9±32.9	119.4±39.3^†
	Doppler	134.4±31.4	141.1±35.5	132.8±37.7^†
	Teichholz	60.6±10.9	59.7±12.2	56.4±14.4^*^†
EDVI, ml/m²	Area-length	66.6±12.3	64.9±13.9	60.9±16.1^†
	Doppler	72.5±12.9	72.2±15.5	68.1±16.6^*^†
Stroke volume index, ml/m²		45.8±7.5	46.3±9.5	42.3±10.0^*^†
Cardiac index, l/min/m²		2.94±0.57	3.04±0.70	2.95±0.79^†
LV mass, g		164.2±38.8	195.0±53.2^*	200.4±67.1^*
LV mass index, g/m²		88.8±16.3	100.2±22.7^*	102.1±29.0^*
LV mass/EDV, mg/ml		1.50±0.28	1.75±0.39^*	1.85±0.47^*
Relative wall thickness		0.38±0.06	0.42±0.07^*	0.45±0.10^*
% LV hypertrophy		18%	40%^*	42%^*
% Normal geometry		66	39^*	31^*
% Concentric remodeling		16	21	27
% Concentric hypertrophy		5	21^*	26^*
% Eccentric hypertrophy		13	19	16

Vascular function
Effective arterial elastance (Ea), mmHg/ml		1.30±0.30	1.50±0.41^*	1.53±0.43^*
Systemic vascular resistance index, dyne.s.cm⁻⁵.m²		2424±521	2703±657^*	2588±873^*
Arterial compliance, ml/mmHg		1.86±0.58	1.45±0.55^*	1.41±0.93^*

LV systolic function
End-systolic elastance (Ees), mmHg/ml		1.99±0.59	2.30±0.80^*	2.39±0.87^*
Ees^*LV mass		319.7±96.4	439.6±163.7^*	461.8±209.7^*
Ees^*EDV		215.5±60.7	256.3±86.3^*	254.0±105.3^*
Ea/Ees		0.68±0.13	0.68±0.17	0.69±0.22

LV diastolic function
E, m/s		0.660±0.131	0.671±0.169^*	0.979±0.347^*^†
A, m/s		0.561±0.161	0.722±0.203^*	0.848±0.267^*^†
E/A ratio		1.25±0.38	0.99±0.37^*	1.21±0.69^*^†
Deceleration time, ms		222±33	239±43	208±54^*^†
e′, m/s		0.094±0.035	0.077±0.039^*	0.060±0.021^*^†
τ, ms		35.2±23.4	46.8±26.0^*	58.1±14.3^*^†
E/e’ ratio		7.55±2.29	9.43±3.32^*	18.43±9.65^*^†
LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP), mmHg		16.5±1.4	17.6±2.0^*	22.9±5.7^*^†
Diastolic stiffness constant (β)		5.96±0.06	6.05±0.41^*	7.09±3.55^*^†
EDVI₂₀, ml/m²		61.7±11.4	59.7±11.9^*	55.7±14.5^*^†
EDP/EDV, mmHg/ml		0.16±0.04	0.16±0.05	0.23±0.11^*^†

Data are mean ± SD; Comparisons adjusted for age and sex, as well as body surface area (BSA) where appropriate;

p<0.05 vs CON;

^†

p<0.05 vs HTN; LV, left ventricular; EDV, end-diastolic volume; I, indexed to BSA