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Missing links between mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) phosphorylates dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and induces mitochondrial elongation and resistance to apoptosis. Calcineurin dephosphorylates Drp1, promotes mitochondrial fragmentation and cell vulnerability to apoptosis. Whether phospho-Drp1 confers protection through inhibiting mitochondrial fission or through other regulatory signalling molecules remains to be discovered.
