Figure 1.
FACS measurement of CD4 T cell GSB fluorescence reflects intracellular GSH levels. GSB is the intracellular fluorescent conjugate of GSH and monochlorobimane. (Top Right) Sample FACS histogram of the GSB fluorescence distribution for CD4 T cells (i.e., GSB in CD4+CD3+ cells) from a single subject. Median (50th percentile) GSB fluorescence levels were computed as shown for each subset in each subject and normalized to the median GSB level for lymphocytes in a PBMC standard analyzed with the samples. Normalized baseline values for the various subsets, labeled as GSB, are shown. (Top Left) This panel relates the median CD4 T cell GSB fluorescence levels to whole blood GSH levels (determined by HPLC) for 53 NAC trial subjects (▪) and 17 male uninfected controls (+). Three HIV-infected outliers (×) were excluded from the analysis (r = 0.56, P < 0.0001 with the outliers included). (Bottom) These panels relate the GSB levels in PBMC subsets from 209 HIV-infected and 82 uninfected subjects. Density ellipses (ovals) include 95% of the points; Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and significance values are computed from a bivariate normal distribution fit (26).