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Schematic drawing of a uniaxially rotating device with a covalently attached chromophore (transition moment μ), which is inclined at an angle θ toward the axis of rotation. (A) Continuous device: every position in the angular domain Φ can be occupied. (B) Stepped device: only discrete angular positions Pi(φi) are accessible; they are symmetrically arranged on a circle (Δφ = φi+φ − φi).
