FIG. 2.

Effect of different inhibitors on GAS and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium invasion of HEp-2 cells. Monolayers were preincubated with inhibitors for 30 min, and the invasion was carried out in the presence of the inhibitor. Percent inhibition was calculated as described in the legend to fig. 1. Values are mean and standard deviation for at least three experiments. (a) Wortmannin, (b) LY294002, (c) Akt inhibitor ICIO. In the absence of inhibitor, 25% of the inoculum (1 × 10⁸ to 5 × 10⁸ CFU per well) was ingested by epithelial cells.