Table 3.

Hope, Self-esteem, Symptoms, and Social Function Among Groups

	Group 1, Low Insight/Mild Stigma	Group 2, High Insight/Minimal Stigma	Group 3, High Insight/F = Moderate Stigma	ANOVA	Group Comparisons, P < .05
Beck Hopelessness Scale	14.80 (4.46) (n = 20)	16.33 (4.10) (n = 24)	11.65 (6.38) (n = 26)	5.39**	3 < 1, 2
MSEI self-esteem total	32.95 (7.92) (n = 21)	32.92 (4.41) (n = 24)	25.69 (6.07) (n = 26)	11.20***	3 < 1, 2
QOLS interpersonal relations	18.06 (6.18) (n = 17)	23.29 (8.08) (n = 21)	18.36 (6.79) (n = 25)	3.54*	2 > 1, 3
QOLS intrapsychic foundations	21.65 (4.21) (n = 17)	24.33 (5.00) (n = 21)	21.72 (5.20) 1.86 (n = 25)	NS

Note: ANOVA, analysis of variance; MSEI, Multidimensional Self-esteem Inventory; QOLS, Quality of Life Scale.

^*P < .05;

^**P < .01;

^***P < .001; NS, not significant.