A clear correlation between a reduction in Y/C emission ratios and a decrease in cell viability is exhibited in cells treated with apoptotic stimuli but not in cells treated with necrotic inducers. HeLa-C3 cells grown in 96-well plates were treated with four different apoptotic inducers: 50 nM paclitaxel for 12–48 h, 50 ng ml−1 nocodazole for 12–48 h, 100 μM ET for 12–48 h and 3–12 h after UV-irradiation for 5 min, and with four different necrotic inducers: H2O2 at 3, 5 and 7 mM for 2–8 h, 0.01 and 0.1% NP40 for 0.5 h, 0.1% Triton X-100 for 0.5 h and double-distilled H2O for 0.5 h. The fluorescence intensity and cell viability of HeLa-C3 cells from different treatments were obtained in similar ways as described in Figure 2c. Data shown are from a single representative experiment.