Table 2.

Population estimates of PD parameters and variabilities for isoprenaline in the rat

Parameter	Value (CV)
Structural parameters
E0 (b.p.m.)	374 (1.9%)
Emax (b.p.m.)	130 (5.9%)
EC50 (ng ml−1)	0.0138 (31.9%)
n	1.18 (19.3%)
Inter-individual variability (IIV)
ωE02	860 (29.8%)
Residual error
σPD2	409 (18.3%)

Abbreviations: b.p.m., beats per min; CV, coefficient of variation; E₀, baseline heart rate, EC₅₀, potency of the drug; E_max, maximal effect of isoprenaline, n, Hill coefficient; PD, pharmacodynamics; ω², variance of ɛ; σ², variance of η.