Table 2.

Dosage regimen and sampling schedule during treatment phase.

Protocol	Dataset	Patients	Dosage regimen	Sampling schedule
1	validation	epilepsy (n = 19)	single 2 mg kg−1 dose	6 samples up to 48 h post dose
2	validation	epilepsy (n = 20)	single 2 mg kg−1 dose	6 samples up to 48 h post dose
3	validation	partial seizures(n = 64)	with enzyme inducing AEDs and without VPA week 1–2 2 mg kg−1 day−1 week 3–4 5 mg kg−1 day−1 week 5–6 10 mg kg−1 day−1 week 7–18 15 mg kg−1 day−1with VPA and without enzyme inducing AEDs week 1–2 0.5 mg kg−1 day−1 week 3–4 1 mg kg−1 day−1 week 5–6 2 mg kg−1 day−1 week 7–18 3 mg kg−1 day−1others week 1–2 0.5 mg kg−1 day−1 week 3–4 1 mg kg−1 day−1 week 5–6 2 mg kg−1 day−1 week 7–18 5 mg kg−1 day−1	1 sample each at end of weeks 6, 10, 14 and 18
4	validation	Lennox–GastautSyndrome (n = 45)	15 kg ≤ weight ≤ 25 kg with VPA week 1–2 5 mg od week 3–4 10 mg od week 5–6 25 mg od week 7–8 50 mg od week 9–16 50 mg od, or 100 mg od weight > 25 kg with VPA week 1–2 10 mg od week 3–4 25 mg od week 5–6 50 mg od week 7–8 100 mg od week 9–16 100 mg od, or 200 mg od weight ≤ 25 kg without VPA week 1–2 25 mg od week 3–4 25 mg bd week 5–6 50 mg bd week 7–8 100 mg bd week 9–16 100 mg bd, or 100 mg mane and 200 mg nocte weight > 25 kg without VPA week 1–2 25 mg bd week 3–4 50 mg bd week 5–6 100 mg bd week 7–8 100 mg mane and 200 mg nocte week 9–16 100 mg mane and 200 mg nocte, or 200 mg bd	1 sample each at end of weeks 4 and 16
5	development	epilepsy (n = 49)	with VPA week 1–4 0.5–1.5 mg kg−1 day−1 week 5–8 0.5–2.5 mg kg−1 day−1 week 9–48 1.25–3.5 mg kg−1 day−1without VPA week 1–4 1.5–5 mg kg−1 day−1 week 5–8 3–10 mg kg−1 day−1 week 9–48 4–15 mg kg−1 day−1	1 sample each at end of weeks 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48
6 and 7	development	epilepsy (n = 153)	with VPA week 1–2 0.5–1 mg kg−1 day−1 week 3–4 1–2 mg kg−1 day−1 week 5–48 1.5–3 mg kg−1 day−1without VPA week 1–2 2 mg kg−1 day−1 week 3–4 4–5 mg kg−1 day−1 week 5–48 6–10 mg kg−1 day−1	1 sample each at end of weeks 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48