Table 1.

Molecular basis for known familial (monogenic) hypertension syndromes.

Monogenic syndrome	Mode of inheritance	Gene product	Chromosomal location
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME)	Recessive	Non-functional 11-β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD Type 2) enzyme	16q
Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism (GRA)	Dominant	Hybrid aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) enzyme expressed under ACTH control	8p
Hypertensive forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia	Recessive	Non-functional forms of the corresponding hydroxylases	8q21 and 10q24
(11-β and 17-α hydroxylase types)		(CYP11B1 and CYP17A)
Liddle's Syndrome (pseudo-aldosteronism)	Dominant	Constitutively expressed amiloride-sensitive sodium channel in distal nephron	16p